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Simulation and analysis of biochemical systems: I. representation of chemical kinetics
In the study of problems in chemical kinetics in ordinary solution, reactions which may be represented by chemical equations of the form3 A + B = C + D (1) are represented kinetically by the differential equations d(C)/dt = d(D/dt = -d(A)/dt = - d(B)/dt = k(A)(B) (2) where (A), (B), (C), ··· , are the concentrations of A, B, C, ··· , and k is the kinetic constant for the reaction (assuming it to be occurring in ordinary solution).
Soviet cybernetics and computer sciences, 1960
This article records observations on Soviet research and technology in cybernetics and computer science, made by the author during a visit to the Soviet Union as a delegate to the IFAC Congress on Automatic Control held in Moscow in the summer of 1960.
What is proprietary in mathematical programming?— impressions of a panel discussion
A panel discussion on “What is Proprietary in Mathematical Programming?” was sponsored by the Special Interest Committee on Mathematical Programming of the ACM during a Hall of Discussion/on September 7th at the 16TH National ACM meeting in Los Angeles. This note consists solely of the impressions garnered by the moderator of the panel and does not necessarily represent the position of any of the panelists or other participants in the discussion.
n-dimensional codes for detecting and correcting multiple errors0
The paper introduces a new family of codes for detecting and correcting multiple errors in a binary-coded message. The message itself is arranged (conceptually) into a multidimensional rectangular array. The processes of encoding and error detection are based upon parity evaluations along prescribed dimensions of the array. Effectiveness of the codes is increased by introducing a “system check bit”, which is essentially a parity check on the other parity bits. Only three-dimensional codes are discussed in this paper, with parity evaluations along the horizontal, the vertical, and one main diagonal. However, the family of codes is not restricted to three dimensions, as evidenced by the discussion by Minnick and Ashenhurst on a similar multidimensional single-bit selection plan used for another purpose [6]. A four-dimensional code, correcting three and detecting four errors, has been developed; the extension to higher-dimensional codes with greater correction power is straightforward.
Inefficiency of the use of Boolean functions for information retrieval systems
In this note we attempt to point out why boolean functions are, in general, not applicable in information retrieval systems.
The international impact of computers
Just one year ago, I had the pleasure of surveying over 40 laboratories, factories and universities throughout Western Europe that were actively engaged in the computer field. Since then, many visitors from Europe have visited me and updated my information on the status of developments abroad.
Dynamic storage allocation for an information retrieval system
This paper presents an information retrieval problem whose programming solution included dynamic storage allocation. Allocatable machine code is defined, and an assembly program to produce allocatable machine code is described. The work reported on was done as part of Project ACSI-MATIC1 which is concerned with the application of computer techniques to the activities of certain headquarters military intelligence operations of the U.S. Army [1, 2].
The suggestions in this paper are part of the terminology used in work for the University of Pennsylvania's Office of Computer Research and Education. The work is jointly supported by the National Science Foundation* and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research.†
Operational compatability of systems—conventions
This project is engaged in (a) a program of research into the application of the concepts and techniques of modern data processing to the design of mechanical parts, and (b) the further development of automatic programming systems for numerically controlled machine tools. The project is a cooperative venture between the Computer Applications Group of the Electronic Systems Laboratory and the Design and Graphics Division of the Mechanical Engineering Department, and is sponsored by the Manufacturing Methods Division of the USAF Air Material Command through Contract AF-33(600)-40604.
Logic tables are an excellent way of developing and expressing the logic required in procedures, operations, systems and circuits. A set of rules for writing and using logic tables is explained by means of some simple examples. Then the logic structure of a vending machine is given in which two logic tables are used. Logic tables are two-dimensional in nature, enabling us to fully express and consider both the sequential and parallel aspects of logic. They can be compiled directly into a computer program and so eliminate the need for flow charting and hand coding.
The state of digital computer technology in Europe
This report indicates the level of computer development and application in each of the thirty countries of Europe, most of which were recently visited by the author
Design of an improved transmission/data processing code
Historically there has been strong difference of opinion in the construction of 6-bit (64-character) data codes, based upon whether the code is to be used for communications or data processing. This paper reports on investigation of an improved code which meets transmission requirements and requires very little modification for varied data processing usage.
Automatic abstracting and indexing—survey and recommendations
In preparation for the widespread use of automatic scanners which will read documents and transmit their contents to other machines for analysis, this report presents a new concept in automatic analysis: the relative-frequency approach to measuring the significance of words, word groups, and sentences. The relative-frequency approach is discussed in detail, as is its application to problems of automatic indexing and automatic abstracting. Included in the report is a summary of automatic analysis studies published as of the date of writing. Conclusions are drawn that point toward more sophisticated mathematical and linguistic techniques for the solution of problems of automatic analysis.
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