Health Care and Services Delivery Systems as Complex Adaptive Systems
Alan Turing and John von Neumann pioneered the study of complex systems. In analyzing feedback processes, they were interested in how complex interacting systems can respond to new information. Among other things, they found that some systems with many interactions among highly differentiated parts can produce surprisingly simple, predictable behavior (such as a programmable mechanical routine or process), while others generate behavior that may be impossible to predict, even though these systems feature simple laws and few actors or agents (such as an evolving living organism).