Research and Advances

The syntax of an algorithmic language such as ALGOL is conveniently described as a sequence of states indicated by an element called cellar. Transitions are controlled by admissible state-symbol pairs which may be represented by a transition matrix. This description of syntax furnishes at the same time an extremely simple rule for translating into machine programs statements in the algorithmic language. Sequential treatment, however, is not feasible in the case of certain optimizing processes such as recursive address calculation.

A concordance is an alphabetical index of the words used by a major writer, or group of writers, showing each word in its context. It is one of the basic research tools for scholars in the Humanities. Concordances are very useful in studies of language, vocabulary, and the history of ideas in literature and philosophy. Use of a concordance is probably the only way to interpret critically, or sometimes even to understand, a symbolist writer. It can also be used to help determine the age or even the author of a piece of anonymous writing.

It has been suggested that we need some new words in our industry. For example, consider the following two definitions of the term random access: Access to storage under conditions in which the next position from which information is to be obtained is in no way dependent on the previous one. Feature of certain internal memory systems, particularly magnetic drum type. (In both cases the italics are the author's.) of a set of publication standards suitable for use by the Association for Computing Machinery, based on the standards adopted by the Machine Computation Committee of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. The writer, as a member of this Committee, is acting merely as agent of the Committee in presenting the following upon the request of the Editor for Standards of the ACM. This article is only a summary of the standards adopted by the AIChE; further details are contained in a pamphlet entitled “Guide to Abstracts and Manuals for Computer Program Interchange”, prepared by the Machine Computation Committee of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers.1

The coding of external symbols into symbols internal to a computer can sometimes be carried out in such a way that relevant informational properties are preserved, but in a form much more easily dealt with. A case in point is presented.

The emergence of a single standard from a welter of conflicting precedents depends upon two solutions: selection or development of an adequate and logical standard, phasing out (or peaceful coexistence with) the old varieties. This paper deals with the latter problem and proposes the mechanics for a solution in the area of character codes, as represented by bit combinations.