Research and Advances

A comparative analysis of disk scheduling policies

Five well-known scheduling policies for movable head disks are compared using the performance criteria of expected seek time (system oriented) and expected waiting time (individual I/O request oriented). Both analytical and simulation results are obtained. The variance of waiting time is introduced as another meaningful measure of performance, showing possible discrimination against individual requests. Then the choice of a utility function to measure total performance including system oriented and individual request oriented measures is described. Such a function allows one to differentiate among the scheduling policies over a wide range of input loading conditions. The selection and implementation of a maximum performance two-policy algorithm are discussed.

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Research and Advances

Performance monitoring in a time-sharing system

A software measurement facility which is part of a general purpose time-sharing system is described. The Data Collection Facility (DCF) has been implemented in the Michigan Terminal System (MTS) for the System/360 model 67. It exists for the purpose of monitoring operating system and user program behavior and performance. The overall structure of MTS is outlined in order to explain the implementation of the DCF. Events in the system are identified and recorded from within the supervisor, and dumped to magnetic tape by an auxiliary program for off-line processing. Events in user programs which are unrelated to system actions are recorded with a supervisor call. The time of occurrence of each event is accurately recorded, and data items are further identified by job and type. The overhead associated with data collection and its interference with normal jobs is carefully analyzed, and both are shown to be minimal. Several examples are given of information obtained with the facility and of applications in which it has been useful. Some general guidelines are offered for the construction of future monitoring programs.

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